Grand Bazaar

Grand Bazaar ( Grand Bazaar ) ...

The world's largest " gold market " and Orientalist Oriental Bazaar is Sunday .
Istanbul's 550 -year history with the old bazaar , Grand Bazaar : 64 street , two- bazaar , 16 inns, 22 gates and about 3600 shop and the world's oldest and largest bazaars of being , as well as 150 million visitors in the world with the most frequently visited holds the distinction of being the bazaar .

Ahi institution 850 years ago in Anatolia society's economic , social and cultural life has arranged , laid down rules and has lived up to the present day . Ahi is one of our cultural codes , Yunus Emre , Hacı Bayram Veli , Haci Bektas Veli , Mawlana , such as Ahi science, faith leaders and organizations have been established. Their goal was to create a happy man . Ahi not have managed it so literally , as the rules of this world and spiritual life of our world has created a business that combines peace of mind .
Here is the continuation of that culture nowadays Ahi Istanbul Grand Bazaar is possible to see the most obvious example .
Located in the district of Fatih Beyazit district of Istanbul Grand Bazaar, the foundation was laid in 1461 . Giant restrained like a maze , at 40,000 square meters, 64 streets, 4000 with up shop in the Grand Bazaar of Istanbul to be seen , is a unique center . Almost reminiscent of a city , the whole covered with this site has grown to evolve over time . Until recently in the mosque of 5 , 1 school , 7 fountains , 10 wells , one river, one dispenser , one fountain, gate 21 , there were 17 inn . It was built by Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror . 15 thick walls that century , a series of two buildings around the old dome in the next century , developing the covering over of streets , new additions have become a shopping center . In the past, this particular profession where every street and in their hands the business of manufacturing ( to manifa ) is kept under strict control , business ethics and traditions were highly respected bazaar . All kinds of precious fabrics , jewelry, weapons , antiques , specializing in the generations by the family , was sold in complete confidence .

At the end of the last century and a couple of earthquakes after a major fire like the old Bazaar has been repaired , the past is altered properties .

All the shops were built to be the same width . Every street was found as a separate product guild masters ( of quilt , slipper , etc.). Rivalry between the seller was strictly forbidden . Even a master, remove the counter in front of the store could not process crowds demonstrating products . Could not accommodate the high price of goods is determined by the government .
Coincide with the period of three Sultans of the Ottoman Empire made ​​this market, without precedent in architectural buildings and commercial , has a moral property .

* All the shops are made of the same size , lest injustice among trades .
* Shops can not you tripped in front of the counter , customers lest play .
* Friday prayer goes to the artisan shop was closing .
* In the month of Ramadan out of respect for the Muslim artisans , Muslim artisans keeps the shop was closed .
* Debt gold exchange deed would not be , would contract ; " until Friday 10 kilos of gold ," he that is received on Friday, gold was given to the owner . Unceasing trades in question would not have taken shelter in this market . And still is .
* The first theft at the Grand Bazaar , has been in the bazaar when it first opened . Theft those who are suspended over the street again, he was made theft . He also noteworthy to the present day there has been a burglary .
* 5-6 generations without deed , there are shops that lasted 151 years .
The importance of protecting the decisive force in the economy today Bazaar, the world of free gold stock ( standing stock ) and was born in the Grand Bazaar and the free market are known to become synonymous with his name . Today's biggest shopping center (AVM) what stubbornness, Grand Bazaar , founded 550 years ago, is the world's first and largest bazaars and still maintains this property .

The world's largest business center.

3600 business location in the world that there is no other marketplace . If the business community , which has no property market is not like the Grand Bazaar . Because the history, culture and traditions and customs of the host culture in the trades there . Ahi system still remaining from the Ottoman Empire continues here . Still based on trust and promise to continue shopping .

There are trust-based trading in the Grand Bazaar .

Nowhere in the world do not shop based on trust . 10 pounds to 20 pounds of gold, gives a thousand dollars , ' these days , I'll give this day as' an ongoing trade between trades there . Nowhere in the world does not have it . Photo of paperwork is done . There is a system where seated . AVMs are trademarks and card shop .

150 million people visit annually .

Due to historical and cultural features of the Grand Bazaar 500 thousand people visit in a day , 300 days per year , excluding closed days is calculated, which is visited by 150 million people, it is possible to say that means .
In 2010, the Grand Bazaar where most of the tourists have been visiting . Thus, the first order was placed first in the world .

" Attempting to 25 thousand people "

25 thousand people work at the Grand Bazaar and about 100 thousand people are known to eat bread here . In the workshop craftsmen , apprentices and shop is a business center with a huge Bazaar .

Without precedent in the world by restoring this beautiful historic Market 550 years ago, let's spin to the original . Yet, we still have our work in this kind heirloom historic ancestors , our past is a bridge to our future .
The world's most important cultural, commercial cherish what we have inherited good let us know.

Haseki Hamam

" I hope that , the end of time and until doomsday 've done browse to clean hearted folks, efforts dream seriousness and effort when they learn ; compassionate eye looking at me with the blessings yadda shall , God willing. " Mimar Sinan

Hagia Sophia Museum, the Blue Mosque in Istanbul with Turkish bath located between Sultan Suleyman 's wife Hürrem by Mimar Sinan, 16 century (1556 - 1557) next to Hagia Sophia , which was completely destroyed in the 532 year history of the location Zeuksippos Baths were built .

Bath actively used until 1910 , has remained closed for many years . Sultan Ahmet prison inmates also being held in when full bath , paper storage period to period and is used as the fuel tank . The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul monumental works Hürrem Baths 1957 - 1958 and restored in the state-owned until 2008 was used as carpet shops .

Ottoman bath building in the style of the classical era , in the form of a double bath and 75 m in length. In this bath , Turkish bath in the architecture for the first time , women and men , including a new section has been done on the same axis .

Hasseki Hürrem which was brought to Istanbul Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque One of the important works of Sultan Hamam Hasseki is located . In addition to the Hagia Sophia Foundation of the unusual beauty of this bath is made , by Evliya Celebi " the most beautiful baths in Istanbul " has been characterized as .

This bath is the architect of the date of construction is 1556 , which is still the chief architect of the era is none other than the architect Sinan . Has the ability to double bath , ie for men and ladies back to back is made as two separate baths .

Men bath, entry, level crossings in the directions of the Mosque and the Hagia Sophia , the introduction of women's bath , so Sultanahmed and floor overlooks the square is still low . Men at the entrance of the cooling section , despite being flush with the main entrance , the entrance to the cooling section of the women's section , which can not be different from the main entrance side elevation has been given still more intimate . Both the cooling section is in the middle of a fountain pool. These pools , which are filled with drinking water, bath time can be understood from the inscription .

Men in the inscription on the entrance door of some words I write these lines are followed tawhid :

If you wish to see in Eger ravza -i Ferdowsi rıdvân

Gelüb Hammami -i Sultana, found safâ , sep seyrân to

Been Revan Kevser river in selsebil

" I Rabbüh Sekâh I " roll of the drinker is âb Elhaei

Hudak has seen entries is the same moment Adnan Bag-In

Join Didi " Raw materials bihişt abad -i Sultani "

In the Republican era , before the collapse was entirely absent , but later began to be used as a store of explosives . If you renewed between 1957-1958 has continued to remain at the abandoned case .

Finally, the last renovation activities started in 2008 following the May 2011 as a public bath was opened again .

Çinili Hamam

Tiled baths built by Sultan Kösen in 1640 . Sultan Köse the women's section of the bath is finished, his brother died and construction has continued . Tiled Mosque during construction , a library and baths station was built as a combination of four works . Tiled Bath , Tiled Mosque, built for the washing of craftsmen working in construction . Do not be fooled by the name which is tiled ! Unfortunately , giving the name to the bath tiles stolen by thieves . However, using blue stones on the walls of the bath operators have remained faithful to the original concept . Bath too much of a change in the general yet , in the dome located outside untouched so far has kept the entire property . Baths are located in the basin of the reliefs in marble , bears the traces of history . Just do the door frames and wall paint has been renovated without disturbing the natural structure . August earthquake unharmed even no bath wall thickness of 2 meters.

    Tiled Bath 's historic features and discover the beauty of a vast array of producers and photographers have made shooting in the bath has been the subject of films and magazines .

    Tiled bath has a heating system completely natural . Two located in the middle of the dome , which is closer to the side of women under section had a big win this great wood fired boiler bath is heated through . During the winter months around 1 ton of wood burned bath from the base of the wall passing through the pipes due to temperature flow is provided , " Tüfeklik called" through the chimneys outside rushes 370 years domes, tiled bath other bath apart from a lot of features are available. Should be in a bath of cleanliness and hygiene is the most important thing . Tiled baths officials note that most of the elements , it is a good service and cleanliness . When you get inside the door of the baths will greet you with a bad smell , but I'm here tiled bath instead of a bad smell in the smell of history . Buddha is the greatest proof of that is a very clean bath .

    Often the sunken bath and there is a closed atmosphere . However, in a sunken tiled bath air. This is because if a large area and in that the dome is quite high due to the fact . The holes in the dome of the bath allows light from entering the inside, which is very hot at times , however, the 370-year- lantern in the dome removed, take air baths are provided.

Beylerbeyi Palace

Beylerbeyi Palace , Sultan Abdul Aziz by II. Mahmud wooden waterfront palace demolishing between the years 1861-1865 , the period It was built by renowned architect Serkis Balyan . In the 19th century structure Beylerbeyi Palace , Obvious examples of Ottoman architecture in West exhibits the properties of a specific example. foreign with a view of the era of Western origin understanding that reflect the effects of Beylerbeyi Palace main structure , 3 storey with basement was built. 26 The interior consists of rooms and 6 halls , " Turkish house" plan understanding appropriately partitioned, non- ornamental motifs originated in the West , in the internal regulations in place of traditional motifs derived It is left to decorate . Buildings, Harem and Mabeyn divided into 2 main sections and these two sections input is kept separate from each other ( Figure 1). main structure , as well as around the Yellow Pavilion , Marble Pavilion, pavilion and sea lodges including stables 5 There is a pavilion ( Gülsün , 1993).

Museums and collections contained in the organic Almost all of the material insects, fungi and bacteria ; high and variable relative humidity, temperature ; factors such as light and air pollution caused by harmful despite the inevitable decay that are particularly sensitive ( Maekawa , 1998). As all organic material hygroscopic material in the wood material Because moisture in the air can get into the body and able to provide moisture to the air . Thus climate depending on the conditions of wood humidity every When certain climatic conditions may change and certain moisture is present in proportions . In other words The lack of moisture in the environment of hard wood material under great damage is caused. The chemical reactions and decomposition temperature  is a factor accelerating the process . temperature decrease with increasing relative humidity , temperature seen the rise of a decrease in relative humidity (Anonymous ,
1987).

Consists of dead wood to wood texture together , is a totally different environment and treated The amount of moisture in the wood are insects that is important . What 's with wood Food supply and temperature tolerance of insects Although binding agents , only few insect species belonging to the family of air-dry state
are capable of destroying the timber . So, Some insects only suitable moisture , temperature, etc. .The wood used in the building when the conditions are met are a it is . Located in the temperate zone areas of our country and air dried wood cells which are capable to degrade and 3 insect species that cause economic losses in buildings destruction is extremely important . them Furniture beetle ( Anobium punctatum ) and time of death Other attached to the Department of National Palaces  palaces, villas and pavilions as in the Beylerbeyi  Mainly at the Palace of the ceiling and roof construction  As is made from pine trees. floor  the carrier system still pine flooring, floor  clad the wooden planks laid on oak, walnut, rosewood, mahogany and so on. from wood prepared hardwood marquetry plaques are used. Oak window frames; doors walnut, are made from precious woods like mahogany. also under the plaster lath and plaster ceilings and somewalls

There is the wood material. in Furniture the indigenous and exotic tree species were utilized. In the collection of palaces, gold leaf  framed paintings, mirrors, porcelain and crystal  objects, pearl, tortoise shell, ivory, containing furniture, silk beetle (Xestobi rufovillosum) Anobiidae  are members of the family. The third Cerambycidae  belonging to the family of Home-horned beetle (Hylotrupes  bajulus) is (are There, 2009).

İn Istanbul Anadolu Hisar

On the Anatolian side of Istanbul , in the district of same name referred to today , Goksu ( Aretas ) Creek where it flows into the Bosphorus in the fortress . Anadolu Hisar , by Bayezit 1395't first fortress was built in the Strait of Istanbul . Take control of their passage through the Strait and the Black Sea and Byzantium was built in order to prevent future aid . Republic Period müzeleştiril the fortress , one of the places where the Bosporus is the most beautiful watch .

Old sources , Anadoluhisarı Güzelhisar 's name , is Güzelcehis , Didyma , is Yenicehis , Akhisar she passes. The castle on the Bosphorus in accordance environment has led to the rise Güzelhisar called . Guys get round to Anadoluhisarı said Didyma , Christian sources have this name translates as Neo - Castrum in some writers here before and this is a Byzantine castle which has aroused suspicion . Bayezid will Byzantine Anatolia Fortress was built to control the ship is known , however , production is controversial. Aşıkpaşazade 1390-1391 , Shooter Mehmed Pasha made ​​1395't tells us that the year 1399 can be said to be done before the second siege .
Anatolian fortress , on an area of ​​7,000 square meters , the narrowest point of the strait , which was built to within 660 meters . Genoese , Byzantine troops and the Black Sea ( Pan , Sinop and Amasra ) had established colonies . Therefore, it was vital to the Strait crossing Genoese . The same situation was also the case for the Ottomans . Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Rumeli Fortress when making the outer walls of this castle has added .
Hisar in Ottoman history has an important role is the role of Istanbul by the Turks before the seizure extends ; Yıldırım Bayezid 's son, Suleyman Celebi , her father's battle of Ankara in defeat after a while stored here , Murad II during the reign of Varna due to the crusaders and the Hungarians' attack to prevent in applying for the ottoman army on the banks of the Rumeli fortress was used.

Murad II, had come to Anadoluhisarı out of Yalova , on the opposite side Candarlı Halil Pasha , kept up with the ball crossing the Bosphorus , and thus circulating in the Ottoman army attacked the papacy and the Venetian navy could move without Strait . Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror do Rumelihisar suspect envoy of the Byzantine emperor Sultan , telling this incident stated purpose of the new construction of the fort .

seizure of Istanbul ( 1453) from the Black Sea city has benefited from Anadoluhisarı in meeting future attacks .
The purpose of this castle constructed by Yıldırım Beyazıt take control of the Strait crossing and at the entrance to the valley to avoid Göksun was . Shooter on Mehmet Pasha as Güzelcehis Gözlücehis name is the name of this castle is also worthy . Shooter on Mehmet Pasha castle is stated as the date of construction 1394 -1395 . Whether historian of the period of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bey Tour has been mentioned here as Yenihisar or Yenicehis . Hodja Effendi Sadettin alluded to as Akçahisar here . Aşıkpaşazade on information about the construction of this fort are :
" Yıldırım Beyazıt through Kocaeli , came to Istanbul ( 1390-91 ) and the Castle area of Chile sent Mr. Sherlock . Sultan Boğazkesen a castle built on a beautifully from Hisar . "
By Yıldırım Beyazıt of Timur in 1402 after the Battle of Ankara castle remained under Ottoman rule . During this period, the breakup of the Ottoman Principality came to the stage of Süleyman Çelebi Byzantine close to Istanbul with the aim of providing support , Eagle places like Pendik given back to Byzantium , but the situation in this period of the castle is unknown. Some sources Suleyman Celebi noted that it is here for a while .

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Rumelihisar Anadoluhisarı the environment when making the turn with a Hisarpençe have to . It is placed behind the wall with cannons opened fire at passing boats is provided when needed .
Under the command of the Black Sea into the environment as a result of the Ottoman military to matter in terms of ( XVI century.) , The fortress walls with wooden houses based on the lower of a romantic view . However XVII. and XVIII. century . protrudes into the land of the Kazakhs flock in the fulfillment of the Bosphorus , has benefited from Anadoluhisarı again . Due to be used as the residence of the castle in the time of Sultan Mehmed II began , before the soldiers sat . Fatih here , who also built a mosque in the Sultan was gathering . Thus, a parish around the castle was established. Anadoluhisari, the actual castle , inside the castle walls of the outer fortress walls and consists of three towers .

Göksu Stream

The main fortress , kuledir.b tower rising on a rectangular plan with a thickness of up to five meters above have been put on a rock covered with soil . On the basis of the planned four corners , arches , disguised lob the floor. This is a four-story tower . Today the tower is accessed through a door in the southwest , this door is opened later . XV. century . a long tradition of adhering to the tower the lower floors of the door yoktur.kule the first floor level and the tower inside the castle walls connects to a drawbridge is entered from the lower floor to the western wall opened into a staircase descended was the second floor in the north wall, placed a ladder çıkılırdı.üçünc Fold the loft , located in the northwestern wall is believed that a wooden staircase leading up . Today destroyed to protect the penthouse of the gratings is surrounded by a patrol road . Time via the top opening was covered with a wooden roof covered with lead .
Interior castle wall, 2-3 meters thick , the main north- northeast corner of the castle is a wall that unites . Sets the width of the wall that separates the internal environment are different from the castle and the inner castle wall surrounds the upper side alone . Four of the next round corner towers were replaced XV of these towers above . century . After it is covered with a wooden roof covered with lead . Roads, will prevent enemy forces attacking the castle form. Exceeding the inner castle walls had the castle 's main enemy in the south of the castle walls to the interior stairway near the northern end of the eastern wall must pass through the drawbridge , but during this time the suspension bridge would disappear. Should further south, stairs , as well as the way up to the drawbridge here , the actual castle is located under the arrows on the soldiers . XVI of this embodiment . century . was utilized for the construction of so many great lobe .
inside the castle walls on the door in the northeast corner of the north tower is . This location was chosen with great skill in terms of the protection of the castle . From the west gate of the enemy it is almost impossible to see .

Harem

Harem Lûgati protected , sacred places and honorable means . Homes , mansions and palaces usually planned in a way that overlooks the inner courtyard , women with foreign men continued their daily lives freely without meeting is part. Having called harem of women living here , this part of Islam , especially a certain kinship with women outside the household of men ( namahrem ) is caused by the entry ban .

Ottoman Harem -i Humayun term in government organizations as well as enderun gets into the harem . Enderun sultans , palaces and government services to be found in men , women harem beside the residence for the cultivation of duty is an educational institution . In this regard, women harem high grade academy can say that. Here, the lower level until mastery of concubinage , which include a promotion system .

This extremely stunning and intriguing aspects of the Harem, unfortunately , has always pushed into the background and not been adequately assessed . In contrast, the confidentiality and privacy of the harem life , although it is known to everyone , especially the western part of the best-known authors of the unknown as if no digression about the harem is based on a simple relationship . Here with information senaryolan various films, novels and theater , unfortunately, a very large organization with the primary function of the harem who have been ignored or deliberately been made ​​to forget .

However, in recent years the harem on the domestic and foreign scientists do their work harem of the Ottoman palace residence of the sultan's house as well as being unique in the world is the unseen reveals the identity of a school .

Harem-i Humayun's about ten years exhausting the end of work based on archive documents a doctoral thesis that American expert Leslie Peirce " We westerners in Islamic society sexuality obsessing like the old , but a strong tradition my heirs . Harem , Muslim sexual sensitivity based on the Western myth undoubtedly the most is widely icon "after the organization 's goals and information provided by the harem con is the best answer to the claims .

"Dynasty family members for the harem of a dwelling is . Sultan family's servants is for an educational institution described as be could . Younger women just sultan suitable concubines and mother and other dignitaries harem women to the courtier in order to provide but also in the military / administrative hierarchy near the top suitable for men They were trained to provide peer . Enderun , by personal service in the palace of the sultan outside the palace dynasty how services might prepare men , women in the harem of the sultan and his mother through personal service to the outside world was preparing to take the role .

Enderun by freeing mated with alumni or other officers of these women share their husbands which is composed of men households ( greeting ) to create the harem would fall completion .

Sultan of households established by the organization and training of mold reproducing the Ottoman ruling class that slave marriages were the basis of the social and political . Palace of the education system - for both men and women - one of the main objectives was to vaccination of loyalty to the sovereign dynasties . Enclose the elite Imperial ties that persisted for both men and women in the focus of the elite 's loyalty not only the sultan himself , but also the women of the sultan households , ie households had family as a whole . "

17 Again confidentiality of some western writers yaznısır century harem harem fantasy of talking about doing something other than what they produce is possible to observe .

" Palace, the second courtyard allowed to enter the foreigners go as far as I've seen ... in. I did not see . But the ruler against the awe they heard indicating a marvelous silence and respect in an endless officials and servants crowd I met . " (Henry Blunt, A Voyage into the Levant , 1638 ) .

" Women apartments here on the part of the reader , this apartment is good to know ... I'm included to describe the impossibility of men are not allowed here , and the ban is applied with greater precision than in Christian monasteries ...

The nature of the Sultan's love life is kept confidential. I'll talk it over and could not find any information about this subject . Easy to set up fancy about it but it is as difficult to say the right thing . " (Jean- Baptiste Tavernier in Nottvell serrail in Relation de l' interieur du Grand Seigneur , 1675 ) .

"My brother , Ottoman emperors palace on curiosity from everyone goes easy do . Because more than two decades for a while this palace into a trapped as one of the beauty , lifestyle , discipline, observing had time . Several foreign travelers , some of our language were also translated into a very fantastic depiction believed if b palace is difficult to imagine that there is a magical place ... But the real beauty of the palace and lived here in the order observed in the strongest person in the training of those who will look at the service of lies. " ( Petis François de la Croix de l' Empire Ottoman General Etter , 1695).

Galata Tower

Galata Tower was built in the year 528 after Christ . Used as a lighthouse built in the years intervening years , this historic venue has served many purposes in . During the Crusades in 1204 with almost every point of Istanbul also largely destroyed the tower edilmiştir.ara place about 150 years after Jesus by the Genoese tower was rebuilt with the name . Except for the function throughout the history of the lighthouse tower , dungeon, fire towers , which serve such purposes as the observatory building Hezarfen Ahmed Chalabi has submitted an air show . Has been restored since 1967, is also used for tourism purposes .

Galata Tower is about 70 meters long . Inner diameter of about 9 meters , the outer diameter is slightly greater than 14 meters . Experts of the weight of the tower is estimated that there are around 10 thousand tons . The thickness of the stone used in architecture is thought to be about five feet of the tower was surrounded by walls almost be considered. Built by the Genoese in the walls is considered to be a part of . During the Ottoman Empire continued to exist in the region where a period of several foreign nations formed the Ottoman financial and entertainment center .

Galata Tower
Galata Tower
There is also a large area around the Galata Tower . In this area every day , there are many domestic and foreign tourists can spend time in places around the tower . Until late night entertainment at the end of the showplace of the tower fell in love with the environment . Especially the way the mysterious structure here , near the stairs Commando tasting the emotions of people around sürüklemektedir.galat Tower suddenly comes before your boutique shops, hotel and entertainment center of many people is dependent on region . Istiklal Street, the road going to the tower from the right and left sides on the road when forming the curved landing many interesting shops are located. These shops can be found in almost every original product . Besides the many modern and consumer oriented products is available here . Musical instruments from many vendors can be purchased second hand or instrument zero . Ready to wear various costumes can be found. Access to the tower from the road , turn right just before you come across the right side of fresh fruit juice seller is also possible to store some vitamins .

Galata Tower Transportation

Şişhane located in the Galata Tower . Istiklal Street is accessible by foot from here . To do this, turn left downhill walk down the tunnel before the break is sufficient. Tower on the right side , you will come out suddenly from premises . Refik Saydam Şişhane in Istanbul Culture and Art Foundation building located on the street side of the range accessible to the Galata Tower . Galata Tower to its location on Google Maps .

Galata Tower Entrance Fee & Visiting Hours

Galata Tower entrance £ 6 for citizens of Turkey for foreign tourists is $ 10 . Every day at 09.00 to visit the tower opened at 19.00 are closed . When you visit this place during the day here in Istanbul to be seen in so many places you can have the chance to watch . Landscapes first tiny houses, is back in the form of the estuary and Eminönü . If the glow light to go in winter is dominated by the world's most beautiful landscapes in the evening hours can create pictures .